Peer-Reviewed Papers
Cognition and Behavior
Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2024), Snakes and ladders in the evolution of language, Physics of Life Reviews, 2024 doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2024.04.007
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Etcheverry, M., Moulin-Frier, C., Oudeyer, P.-Y, and Levin, M. (2024), AI-driven Automated Discovery Tools Reveal Diverse Behavioral Competencies of Biological Networks, eLife, 13: RP92683
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Ciaunica, A., Levin, M., Rosas, F. E., and Friston, K. (2023), Nested Selves: Self-Organization and Shared Markov Blankets in Prenatal Development in Humans, Topics in Cognitive Science, in press, doi:10.1111/tops.12717
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Rouleau, N., and Levin, M. (2023), The Multiple Realizability of Sentience in Living Systems and Beyond, eNeuro, 10(11), doi:10.1523/eneuro.0375-23.2023
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Clawson, W. P., and Levin, M. (2023), Endless forms most beautiful 2.0: teleonomy and the bioengineering of chimaeric and synthetic organisms, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139(4): 457-486
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Lagasse, E., and Levin, M. (2023), Future Medicine: from molecular pathways to the collective intelligence of the body, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 29(9): 687-710
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Rouleau, N., and Levin, M. (2023), Multiple ways to implement and infer sentience: Commentary on Segundo-Ortiz & Calvo on Plant Sentience, Animal Sentience, 8(33): 30
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Witkowski, O., Doctor, T., Solomonova, E., Duane, B., and Levin, M. (2023), Towards an Ethics of Autopoietic Technology: Stress, Care, and Intelligence, Biosystems, 231: 104964
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Ciaunica, A., Shmeleva, E. V., and Levin, M. (2023), The Brain is not Mental! Coupling Neuronal and Immune Cellular Processing in Human Organisms, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 17: 1057622
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Levin, M. (2023), Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind, Animal Cognition, doi:10.1007/s10071-023-01780-3
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Biswas, S., Clawson, W., and Levin. M. (2023), Learning in Transcriptional Network Models: Computational Discovery of Pathway-level Memory and Effective Interventions, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1): 285
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Pio-Lopez, L., Kuchling, F., Tung, A., Pezzulo, G., and Levin, M. (2022), Active Inference, Morphogenesis, and Computational Psychiatry, Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 16: 988977
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Fields, C., Friston, K., Glazebrook, J. F., Levin, M., and Marcianò, A. (2022), The Free Energy Principle induces neuromorphic development, Neuromorphic Computing and Engineering, 2: 042002
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Levin, M. (2022), Generalizing frameworks for sentience beyond natural species, Animal Sentience, 7(32): 15
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Doctor, T., Witkowski, O., Solomonova, E., Duane, B., and Levin, M. (2022), Biology, Buddhism, and AI: Care as the Driver of Intelligence, Entropy, 24(5): e24050710
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Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2022), Competency in Navigating Arbitrary Spaces as an Invariant for Analyzing Cognition in Diverse Embodiments, Entropy, 24(6): 819
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Kuchling, F., Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2022), Metacognition as a Consequence of Competing Evolutionary Time Scales, Entropy, 24(5): 601
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Sperry, M. M., Murugan, N. J., and Levin, M. (2022), Studying Protista WBR and Repair Using Physarum polycephalum, in S. Blanchoud and B. Galliot (eds.), Whole-Body Regeneration: Methods in Molecular Biology, 2450: 51-67
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Levin, M., and Yuste, R. (2022), Modular cognition,
Aeon Essays
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Yuste, R., and Levin, M. (2021), New Clues about the Origins of Biological Intelligence,
Scientific American, December 2021
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Abramson, C., and Levin, M. (2021), Behaviorist Approaches to Investigating Memory
and Learning: A Primer for Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 14(1): 230-247
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Fields, C., Glazebrook, J. F., and Levin, M. (2021), Minimal physicalism as a scale-free
substrate for cognition and consciousness, Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2021(2): niab013
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Murugan, N., Kaltman, D., Jin, H., Chien, M., Flores, R., Nguyen, C., Tuzoff, D., Minabutdinov, A., Kane, A., Novak, R., Ingber, D., and Levin, M. (2021), Mechanosensation Mediates Long-Range Spatial Decision-Making in an Aneural Organism, Advanced Materials, 33(34): 2008161
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Levin, M. (2021), Life, death, and self: Fundamental questions of primitive cognition
viewed through the lens of body plasticity and synthetic organisms,
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 564: 114-133
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Rouleau, N., Cairns, D. M., Rusk, W., Levin, M., and Kaplan, D. (2021), Learning and synaptic plasticity in 3D bioengineered neural tissues, Neuroscience Letters, 750: 135799
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Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2021), Living things are not (20th Century) machines:
updating mechanism metaphors in light of the modern science of machine behavior,
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 650726
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Levin, M., Keijzer, F., Lyon, P., and Arend, D. (2021), Uncovering cognitive similarities
and differences, conservation and innovation, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1821): 20200458
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Pezzulo, G., Lapalme, J., Durant, F., and Levin, M. (2021), Bistability of Somatic Pattern Memories: Stochastic Outcomes in Bioelectric Circuits Underlying Regeneration,
Philosophical Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 376(1821): 20190765
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Lyon, P., Keijzer, F., Arendt, D., and Levin, M. (2021), Reframing cognition: getting down to biological basics, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 376(1820): 20190750
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Fields, C., and Levin, M. (2020), How Do Living Systems Create Meaning?, Philosophies, 5(4): 36
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Kuchling, F., Friston, K., Georgiev, G., and Levin, M. (2020), Integrating Variational Approaches to Pattern Formation into a Deeper Physics: Reply to comments on "Morphogenesis as Bayesian Inference: A Variational Approach to Pattern Formation and Manipulation in Complex Biological Systems", Physics of Life Reviews, 33: 125-128
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Bonzanni, M., Rouleau, N., Levin, M., and Kaplan, D. L. (2020), Optogenetically induced cellular habituation in non-neuronal cells, PLOS One, 15(1): e0227230
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Manicka, S., and Levin, M. (2019), Modeling somatic computation with non-neural bioelectric networks, Scientific Reports, 9: 18612
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Levin, M. (2019), The Computational Boundary of a 'Self': Developmental Bioelectricity Drives Multicellularity and Scale-Free Cognition, Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 2688
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Bonzanni, M., Rouleau, N., Levin, M., and Kaplan, D. (2019),
On the generalization of habituation: how discrete biological systems
respond to repetitive stimuli, BioEssays, 41(7): 1900028
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Manicka, S., and Levin, M. (2019), The Cognitive Lens: a primer on conceptual tools for analysing
information processing in developmental and regenerative morphogenesis, Philosophical Transactions
of the Royal Society B, 374(1774): 20180369
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Moore, D. G., Walker, S. I., and Levin, M. (2018), Pattern Regeneration in Coupled Networks, in T. Ikegami, N. Virgo, O. Witkowski, M. Oka, R. Suzuki and H. Iizuka (Eds.), ALIFE 2018: The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press: Tokyo,
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Pezzulo, G., and Levin, M. (2018), Embodying Markov blankets. Comment on 'Answering Schrödinger's question:
A free-energy formulation' by Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead et al., Physics of Life Reviews, 24: 32-36
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Vallverdu, J., Castro, O., Mayne, R., Talanov, M., Levin, M., Baluška, F., Gunji, Y., Dussutour,
A., Zenil, H., and Adamatzky, A. (2018), Slime mould: the fundamental mechanisms
of biological cognition, BioSystems, 165: 57-70
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Herrera-Rincon, C., Pai, V. P., Moran, K. M., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2017),
The brain is required for normal muscle and nerve patterning during early
Xenopus development, Nature Communications, 8(1): 587
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Blackiston, D., Vien, K., and Levin, M. (2017), Serotonergic stimulation
induces nerve growth and promotes visual learning via posterior eye grafts in
a vertebrate model of induced sensory plasticity, npj Regenerative Medicine, 2:8
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2017), Reversals of bodies, brains, and behavior:
quantitative analysis of laterality and its disturbance in model species,
in L. J. Rogers and G. Vallortigara (Eds.), Lateralized Brain Functions: Methods in Human and Non-human Species,
"Neuromethods", W. Walz (Ed.), 122: 667-694
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Baluška, F., and Levin, M. (2016), On Having No Head: Cognition throughout Biological Systems, Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 902
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Rothman, G., Blackiston, D., and Levin, M. (2016), Color and intensity discrimination in Xenopus laevis tadpoles, Animal Cognition, 19(5): 911-919
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Whiting, J. G. H., Jones, J., Bull, L., Levin, M., and Adamatzky, A. (2016), Towards a
physarum learning chip, Scientific Reports, 6: 19948
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Blackiston, D. J., Shomrat, T., and Levin, M. (2015), The Stability of Memories
During Brain Remodeling: a Perspective, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 8(5): e1073424
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Shomrat, T., and Levin, M. (2013), An
automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planaria and its persistence through head regeneration,
Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(20): 3799-3810
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Overview
Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2013), Inversion
of left-right asymmetry alters performance of Xenopus
tadpoles in nonlateralized cognitive tasks, Animal Behaviour, 86(2): 459-466
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2013), Ectopic eyes
outside the head in Xenopus tadpoles provide sensory data for
light-mediated learning, Journal of Experimental
Biology, 216(6): 1031-1040
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2012), Aversive training methods
in Xenopus laevis: general principles, Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2012(5): 521-527
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Blackiston, D., Shomrat, T., Nicolas, C. L., Granata, C., and Levin, M. (2010), A second-generation device for automated
training and quantitative behavior analyses of molecularly-tractable model organisms, PLoS One, 5(12): e14370
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Oviedo, N., and Levin, M. (2008), The planarian regeneration model as a context for the study of drug effects and mechanisms, in R. B. Raffa & S.M. Rawls (Eds.), Planaria: A Model for Drug Action and Abuse, RG Landes Co.: Austin, pp. 95-104
Nicolas, C.L., Abramson, C.I., and Levin, M. (2008), Analysis of behavior in the planarian model, in R. B. Raffa & S. M. Rawls (Eds.), Planaria: A Model for Drug Action and Abuse, RG Landes Co.: Austin, pp. 83-94
Hicks, C., Sorocco, D., and Levin, M. (2006), Automated Analysis of Behavior: A Computer-Controlled System for Drug Screening and the Investigation of Learning, Journal of Neurobiology, 66(9): 977-990
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Levin, M., (1995), The evolution of understanding: A
genetic algorithm model of the evolution of animal communication,
BioSystems, 36(3): 167-178
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