Peer-Reviewed Papers
Developmental Biology
McMillen, P., and Levin, M. (2024), Optical Estimation of Bioelectric Patterns in Living Embryos, in M. Bizzarri (ed.), Systems Biology: Methods in Molecular Biology, 2745: 91-102, doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3577-3_6
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Manicka, S., Pai, V. P, and Levin, M. (2023), Information integration during bioelectric regulation of morphogenesis of the embryonic frog brain, iScience, 26(12): 108398
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Levin, M. (2023), Collective Intelligence of Morphogenesis as a Teleonomic Process, in Corning, P. A., Kauffman, S. A., Noble, D., Shapiro, J. A., Vane-Wright, R. I. Pross, A. (Eds.), Evolution "On Purpose": Teleonomy in Living Systems, The MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 175-197
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Grodstein, J., McMillen, P., and Levin, M. (2023), Closing the Loop on Morphogenesis: A Mathematical Model of Morphogenesis by Closed-Loop Reaction-Diffusion, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11: 1087650
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Watson, R., and Levin, M. (2023), The collective intelligence of evolution and development, Collective Intelligence, 2(2), doi:10.1177/26339137231168355
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Smiley, P., and Levin, M. (2022), Competition for Finite Resources as Coordination Mechanism for Morphogenesis: an evolutionary algorithm study of digital embryogeny, BioSystems, 221: 104672
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Pai, V. P., and Levin, M. (2022), HCN2 Channel-induced Rescue of Brain, Eye, Heart, and Gut Teratogenesis Caused by Nicotine, Ethanol, and Aberrant Notch Signaling, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 30(6): 681-706
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McMillen, P., Oudin, M. J, Levin, M., and Payne, S. L. (2021), Beyond Neurons:
Long Distance Communication in Development and Cancer, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9: 739024
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Levin, M. (2020), How Groups of Cells Cooperate to Build Organs and Organisms, The Scientist, 34(9): 38-45
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Jajoo, A., Donlon, C., Shnayder, S., Levin, M., and McVey, M. (2020), Sertraline induces DNA damage and cellular toxicity in Drosophila that can be ameliorated by antioxidants, Scientific Reports, 10: 4512
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Herrera-Rincon, C., Paré, J-F., Martyniuk, C. J., Jannetty, S. K., Harrison C., Fischer, A., Dinis, A., Keshari, V., Novak, R., and Levin, M. (2020), An in vivo brain-bacteria interface: the developing brain as a key regulator of innate immunity, npj Regenerative Medicine, 5:2
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McMillen, P., Novak, R., and Levin, M. (2020), Toward Decoding Bioelectric Events in
Xenopus Embryogenesis: New Methodology for Tracking Interplay Between Calcium and Resting Potentials In Vivo, Journal of Molecular Biology, 432(2): 605-620
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Davison, A., McDowell, G. S., Holden, J. M., Johnson, H. F., Wade, C. M., Chiba, S., Jackson, D. J., Levin, M., and Blaxter, M. L. (2020), Formin, an opinion, Development, 147: dev187427
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Tung, A., and Levin, M. (2020), Extra-genomic instructive influences in morphogenesis: A review of external signals that regulate growth and form, Developmental Biology, 461: 1-12
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Fields, C., Bischof, J., and Levin, M. (2020), Morphological Coordination: A Common Ancestral Function Unifying Neural and Non-Neural Signaling, Physiology, 35: 16-30
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Finkelstein J., McLaughlin K., and Levin M. (2019), Interdisciplinary Approach Needed to Crack Morphogenesis,
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Atsuta, Y., Tomizwa, R. R., Levin, M., and Tabin, C. J. (2019), L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel CaV1.2 regulates chondrogenesis during limb development, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 116(43): 21592-21601
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Levin, M., and Martinez-Arias, A. (2019), Reverse-engineering growth and form in Heidelberg, Development, 146(14): dev177261
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Berard, A., Levin, M., Sadler, T., and Healy, D. (2019), Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy and Major Malformations: The Importance of Serotonin for Embryonic Development and the Effect of Serotonin Inhibition on the Occurrence of Malformations, Bioelectricity, 1(1): 18-29
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Pietak, A., and Levin, M. (2018), Bioelectrical control of positional information in development and regeneration: a review of conceptual and computational advances, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 137: 52-68
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Monsoro-Burq, A. H., and Levin, M. (2018), Avian models and the study of invariant asymmetry: how the chicken and the egg taught us to tell right from left, International Journal of Developmental Biology, 62(1-3): 63-77
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Pai, V. P., Pietak, A., Willocq, V., Ye, B., Shi, N-Q., and Levin, M. (2018), HCN2 Rescues brain defects by enforcing endogenous voltage pre-patterns, Nature Communications, 9(1): 998
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Levin, M., and Martyniuk, C. J. (2018), The bioelectric code: An ancient computational medium for dynamic control of growth and form, BioSystems, 164: 76-93
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Herrera-Rincon, C., and Levin, M. (2018), Booting up the organism during development: pre-behavioral functions of the vertebrate brain in guiding body morphogenesis, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 11(1): e1433440
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Herrera-Rincon, C., Pai, V. P., Moran, K. M., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2017), The brain is required for normal muscle and nerve patterning during early Xenopus development, Nature Communications, 8(1): 587
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Pitcairn, E., Harris, H., Epiney, J., Pai, V. P., Lemire, J. M., Ye, B., Shi, N-Q., Levin, M., and McLaughlin, K. A. (2017), Coordinating heart morphogenesis: A novel role for Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotidegated
(HCN) channels during cardiogenesis in Xenopus laevis, Communicative & Integrative Biology,
10(3): e1309488
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McLaughlin, K. A., and Levin, M. (2017), Bioelectric Signaling in Regeneration: Mechanisms of Ionic Controls of Growth and Form, Developmental Biology, 433(2): 177-189
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Pai, V. P., Willocq, V., Pitcairn, E. J., Lemire, J. M., Paré, J-F., Shi, N-Q., McLaughlin, K. A., and Levin, M. (2017), HCN4 Ion Channel Function is Required for Early Events that Regulate Anatomical Left-Right Patterning in
a Nodal- and Lefty Asymmetric gene Expression-Independent Manner, Biology Open, 6(10): 1445-1457
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McDowell, G., Rajadurai, S., and Levin, M. (2016), From cytoskeletal dynamics to organ asymmetry: a nonlinear, regulative pathway underlies left-right patterning, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 371(1710): 20150409
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Pai, V. P., Martyniuk, C. J., Echeverri, K., Sundelacruz, S., Kaplan, D. L., and Levin, M. (2016), Genome-wide analysis reveals conserved transcriptional responses downstream of resting potential change in Xenopus embryos, axolotl regeneration, and human mesenchymal cell differentiation, Regeneration, 3(1): 3-25
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Davison, A., McDowell, G. S., Holden, J. M., Johnson, H. F., Koutsovoulos, G. D., Liu, M. M., Hulpiau, P., Van Roy, F., Wade, C. W., Banerjee, R., Yang, F., Chiba, S., Davey, J. W., Jackson, D. J., Levin, M., and Blaxter, M. L., (2016), Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog, Current Biology, 26(5): 654-660 [cover]
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Sullivan, K. G., and Levin, M. (2016), Neurotransmitter signaling pathways required for normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos: a pharmacological survey screen, Journal of Anatomy, 229(4): 483-502 [cover]
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Adams, D. S., Uzel, S. G. M., Akagi, J., Wlodkowic, D., Andreeva, V., Yelick, P. C., Devitt-Lee, A., Paré, J-F., and Levin, M. (2016), Bioelectric signaling via potassium channels: a mechanism for craniofacial dysmorphogenesis in KCNJ2-associated Andersen-Tawil Syndrome, Journal of Physiology, 594(12): 3245-3270
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McDowell, G. S., Lemire, J. M., Paré, J-F., Cammarata, G., Lowery, L. A., and Levin, M. (2016), Conserved roles for cytoskeletal components in determining laterality, Integrative Biology, 8(3): 267-286
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Schatzberg, D., Lawton, M., Hadyniak, S. E., Ross E. J., Carney, T., Beane, W. S., Levin, M., and Bradham, C. A. (2015), H+/K+-ATPase activity is required for biomineralization in sea urchin embryos, Developmental Biology, 406(2): 259-270
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Lobikin, M., Paré, J-F., Kaplan, D. L., and Levin, M. (2015), Selective Depolarization Of Transmembrane Potential Alters Muscle Patterning And Muscle Cell Localization In Embryonic Xenopus Laevis, International Journal of Developmental Biology, 59(7-9): 303-311
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Levin, M. (2015), Gap junctions: versatile mediators of long-range developmental signals, The Node
Full text
Pai, V., Lemire, J. M., Paré, J-F., Lin, G., Chen, Y., and Levin, M. (2015), Endogenous gradients
of resting potential instructively pattern embryonic neural tissue via Notch signaling and regulation of proliferation, Journal of Neuroscience, 35(10): 4366-4385
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Jewhurst, K., Levin, M., and McLaughlin, K. A. (2014), Optogenetic Control of Apoptosis in Targeted Tissues of Xenopus laevis Embryos, Journal of Cell Death, 7: 25-31
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Adams, D. S., Lemire, J. M., Kramer, R. H., and Levin, M. (2014), Optogenetics in developmental biology: using light to control ion flux-dependent signals in Xenopus embryos, International Journal of Developmental Biology, 58(10-12): 851-861
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Vandenberg, L. N., Blackiston, D. J., Rea, A. C., Dore, T. M., and Levin, M. (2014), Left-right patterning in Xenopus conjoined twin embryos requires serotonin signaling and gap junctions, International Journal of Developmental Biology, 58(10-12): 799-809
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Zhu, F., Skommer, J., Huang, Y., Akagi, J., Adams, D. S., Levin, M., Hall, C. J., Crosier, P. S., and Wlodkowic, D. (2014), Fishing on chips: up-and-coming technological advances in analysis of zebrafish and Xenopus embryos, Cytometry A, 85A(11): 921-932
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Hernandez-Diaz, S., and Levin, M. (2014), Alteration of bioelectrically-controlled processes in the embryo: a teratogenic mechanism for anticonvulsants, Reproductive Toxicology, 47: 111-114
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Levin, M. (2014), Endogenous bioelectrical networks store non-genetic patterning information during development and regeneration, Journal of Physiology, 592(11): 2295-2305
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Lobikin, M., and Levin, M. (2014), Endogenous bioelectric cues as morphogenetic signals in vivo, Chapter 15 in D. Fels, M. Cifra, and F. Scholkmann (Eds), Fields of the Cell, Research Signpost: Kerala, India, pp. 283-302
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Lange, C., Prenninger, S., Knuckles, P., Taylor, V., Levin, M., and Calegari, F. (2014), V-ATPase maintains neural stem cells in the developing mouse cortex, in S. Nakamuri (Ed.), Handbook of H+ ATPases, Pan Stanford Pte. Ltd: Singapore, pp. 413-430
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Vandenberg, L. N., Lemire, J. M, and Levin, M. (2013), It's Never too Early to get it Right: A Conserved Role for the Cytoskeleton in Left-Right Asymmetry, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 6(6): e27155
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2013), Inversion of left-right asymmetry alters performance of Xenopus tadpoles in nonlateralized cognitive tasks, Animal Behaviour, 86(2): 459-466
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Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2013), A unified model for left-right asymmetry? Comparison and synthesis of molecular models of laterality, Developmental Biology, 379(1): 1-15
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Vandenberg, L. N., Morrie, R. D., Seebohm, G., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2013), Rab GTPases are required for early orientation of the left-right axis in Xenopus, Mechanisms of Development, 130(4-5): 254-271
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Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2013), Endogenous Voltage Gradients as Mediators of Cell-Cell Communication: Strategies for Investigating Bioelectrical Signals During Pattern Formation, Cell and Tissue Research, 352(1):95-122
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2013), Ectopic eyes outside the head in Xenopus tadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning, Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(6): 1031-1040
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Tseng, A-S., and Levin, M. (2013), Cracking the bioelectric code: probing endogenous ionic controls of pattern formation, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 6(1): e22595 [cover]
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Pai, V. P., Vandenberg, L. N., Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2012), Neurally derived tissues in Xenopus laevis embryos exhibit a consistent bioelectrical left-right asymmetry, Stem Cells International, 2012: 353491
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Lobikin, M., Chernet, B., Lobo, D., and Levin, M. (2012), Resting potential, oncogene-induced tumorigenesis, and
metastasis: the bioelectric basis of cancer in vivo, Physical Biology, 9(6): 065002
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Lobikin, M., Wang, G., Xu, J.-S., Hsieh, Y.-W., Chuang, C.-F., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2012), Early, nonciliary role for microtubule proteins in left-right patterning is conserved across kingdoms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 109(31): 12586-12591
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Tseng, A.-S., and Levin, M. (2012), Transducing bioelectrical signals into epigenetic pathways during tadpole tail regeneration, Anatomical Record, 295(10): 1541-1551
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Levin, M. (2012), Morphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer: non-local control of complex patterning, BioSystems, 109(3): 243-261
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Vandenberg, L. N., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2012), Normalized shape and location of perturbed craniofacial structures in the Xenopus tadpole reveal an innate ability to achieve correct morphology, Developmental Dynamics, 241(5): 863-878
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Blackiston, D. J., and Levin, M. (2012), Aversive training methods in Xenopus laevis: general principles, Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2012(5): 521-527
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Beane, W. S., Tseng, A.-S., Morokuma, J. M., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2012), Inhibition of planar cell polarity extends neural growth during regeneration, homeostasis, and development, Stem Cells and Development, 21(12): 2085-2094
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Chernet, B. T., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2012), Photoconversion for Tracking the Dynamics of Cell Movement in Xenopus laevis Embryos, Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2016(6): 683-690
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Chernet, B. T., and Levin, M. (2012), A versatile protocol for mRNA electroporation of Xenopus laevis embryos, Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2012(4): 447-452
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Pai, V., Aw, S., Shomrat, T., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2012), Transmembrane voltage potential controls embryonic eye patterning in Xenopus laevis, Development, 139(2): 313-323
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Levin, M. (2012), Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: new tools and recent discoveries, BioEssays, 34(3): 205-217
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Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2012), Polarity proteins are required for left-right axis orientation and twin-twin instruction,Genesis, 50(3): 219-234
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Levin, M., and Stevenson, C. (2012), Regulation of Cell Behavior and Tissue Patterning by Bioelectrical Signals: challenges and opportunities for biomedical engineering, Annual Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 14: 295-323
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Blackiston, D., Adams, D. S., Lemire, J. M., Lobikin, M., and Levin, M. (2011), Transmembrane potential of GlyCl-expressing instructor cells induces a neoplastic-like conversion of melanocytes via a serotonergic pathway, Disease Models and Mechanisms, 4(1): 67-85
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Lange, C., Prenninger, S., Knuckles, P., Taylor, V., Levin, M., and Calegari, F. (2011), The H(+) vacuolar ATPase maintains neural stem cells in the developing mouse cortex, Stem Cells and Development, 20(5): 843-850
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Carneiro, K., Donnet, C., Rejtar, T., Karger, B. L., Díaz, E., Kortagere, S., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2011), Histone deacetylase activity is necessary for left-right patterning during vertebrate development, BMC Developmental Biology, 11: 29
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Vandenberg, L. N., Pennarola, B. W., and Levin, M. (2011), Low frequency vibrations disrupt left-right patterning in the Xenopus embryo, PLoS One, 6(8): e23306
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Mondia, J. P., Adams, D. S., Orendorff, R. D., Levin, M., and Omenetto, F. (2011), Patterned femtosecond-laser ablation of Xenopus laevis melanocytes for studies of cell migration, wound repair, and developmental processes, Biomedical Optics Express, 2(8): 2383-2391
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Mondia, J. P., Levin, M., Omenetto, F. G., Orendorff, R. D., Branch, M. R., and Adams, D. S. (2011), Long-distance signals are required for morphogenesis of the regenerating Xenopus tadpole tail as shown by femtosecond-laser ablation, PLoS One, 6(9): e24953
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Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2010), Consistent left-right asymmetry cannot be Established by late organizers in Xenopus unless the late organizer is a conjoined twin, Development, 137(7): 1095-1105
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Aw, S., Koster, J., Pearson, W., Nicols, C., Shi, N. Q., Carneiro, K., and Levin, M. (2010), The ATP-sensitive K+-channel (KATP) controls early left-right patterning in Xenopus and chick embryos, Developmental Biology, 346(1): 39-53
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Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2010), Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry, Developmental Dynamics, 239(12): 3131-3146
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Aw, S., and Levin, M. (2009), Molecular mechanisms establishing consistent left-right asymmetry during vertebrate embryogenesis, in I. E. C Sommer and R. S. Kahn (Eds.), Language Lateralization and Psychosis, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 3-18
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Aw, S., and Levin, M. (2009), Is left-right asymmetry a form of planar cell polarity? Development, 136(3): 355-366
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Vandenberg, L., and Levin, M. (2009), Perspectives and open problems in the early phases of left-right patterning, Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 20(4): 456-463
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Zhang, Y., and Levin, M. (2009), Particle tracking model of electrophoretic morphogen movement reveals stochastic dynamics of embryonic gradient, Developmental Dynamics, 238(8): 1923-1935
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Zhang, Y., and Levin, M. (2009), Left-right asymmetry in the chick embryo requires core planar cell polarity protein Vangl2, Genesis, 47(11): 719-728
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Morokuma, J., Blackiston, D., and Levin, M. (2008), KCNQ1 and KCNE1 K+ channel components are involved in early left-right patterning in Xenopus embryos, Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 21(5-6): 357-372
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Morokuma, J., Blackiston, D., Adams, D. S., Seebohm, G., Trimmer, B., and Levin, M. (2008), Modulation of potassium channel confers a hyperproliferative invasive phenotype on embryonic stem cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 105(43): 16608-16613
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Aw, S., and Levin, M. (2008), What's Left in Asymmetry? Developmental Dynamics, 237(12): 3453-3464
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Aw, S., Adams, D. S., Qiu, D., and Levin, M. (2007), H,K-ATPase protein localization and Kir4.1 function reveal concordance of three axes during early determination of left-right asymmetry, Mechanisms of Development, 125(3-4): 353-372
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Levin, M., and Palmer, R. (2007), Left-right patterning from the inside out: widespread evidence for intracellular control, BioEssays, 29(3): 271-287
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Oviedo, N., and Levin, M. (2007), Gap junctions provide new links in left-right patterning, Cell, 129(4): 645-647
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Hibino, T., Ishii, Y., Levin, M., and Nishino, A. (2006), Ion flow regulates left-right asymmetry in sea urchin development, Development Genes and Evolution, 216(5): 265-76
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Shimeld, S. M., and Levin, M. (2006), Evidence for the regulation of left-right asymmetry in Ciona intestinalis by ion flux, Developmental Dynamics, 235(6): 1543-1553
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Adams, D. S., Robinson, K. R., Fukumoto, T., Yuan, S., Albertson, R. C., Yelick, P., Kuo, L., McSweeney, M., and Levin, M. (2006), Early, H+-V-ATPase-dependent proton flux is necessary for consistent left-right patterning of non-mammalian vertebrates, Development, 133(9): 1657-1671
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Esser, A. T., Smith, K. C., Weaver, J. C., and Levin, M. (2006), Mathematical Model of Morphogen Electrophoresis through Gap Junctions, Developmental Dynamics, 235(8): 2144-2159
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Levin, M., Buznikov, G. A., and Lauder, J. M. (2006), Of Minds and Embryos: Left-Right Asymmetry and the Serotonergic Controls of Pre-Neural Morphogenesis, Developmental Neuroscience, 28(3): 171-185
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Levin, M. (2006), Is the Early Left-Right Axis like a Plant, a Kidney, or a Neuron? The Integration of Physiological Signals in Left-Right Asymmetry, Birth Defects Research (Part C), 78(3): 191-223
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Fukumoto, T., and Levin, M. (2005), Asymmetric expression of Syndecan-2 in early chick embryogenesis, Gene Expression Patterns , 5(4): 525-528
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Fukumoto, T., Kema, I. P., and Levin, M. (2005), Serotonin signaling is a very early step in patterning of the left-right axis in chick and frog embryos, Current Biology, 15(9): 794-803
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Qiu, D., Cheng, S. M., Wozniak, L., McSweeney, M., Perrone, E., and Levin, M. (2005), Localization and loss-of-function implicates ciliary proteins in early, cytoplasmic roles in left-right asymmetry, Developmental Dynamics, 234(1): 176-189
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Shin, J-B., Adams, D., Paukert, M., Siba, M., Sidi, S., Levin, M., Gillespie, P. G., and Grunder, S. (2005), Xenopus TRPN1 (NOMPC) localizes to microtubule-based cilia in epithelial cells, including inner-ear hair cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 102(35): 12572-12577
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Gamer, L. W., Nove, J., Levin, M., and Rosen, V. (2005), BMP-3 is a novel inhibitor of both activin and BMP-4 signaling in Xenopus embryos, Developmental Biology, 285(1): 156-168
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Fukumoto, T., Blakely, R., and Levin, M. (2005), Serotonin transporter function is an early step in left-right patterning in chick and frog embryos, Developmental Neuroscience, 27(6): 349-363
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Levin, M. (2005), Left-right asymmetry in embryonic development: a comprehensive review, Mechanisms of Development, 122(1): 3-25
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Levin, M. (2004), The embryonic origins of left-right asymmetry, Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine, 15(4): 197-206
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Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2004), Early Patterning of the Left/Right Axis, in C. D. Stern (Ed.), Gastrulation: from cells to embryo, Cold Spring Harbor: New York, pp. 403-417
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Bunney, T. D., De Boer, A. H., and Levin, M. (2003), Fusicoccin signaling reveals 14-3-3 protein function as a novel step in left-right patterning during amphibian embryogenesis, Development, 130(20): 4847-4858
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Levin, M. (2003), Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left-right asymmetry, BioEssays, 25(10): 1002-1010
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Levin, M., Thorlin, T., Robinson, K., Nogi, T., and Mercola, M. (2002), Asymmetries in H+/K+-ATPase and cell membrane potentials comprise a very early step in left-right patterning, Cell, 111(1): 77-89
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Rutenberg, J., Cheng, S. M., and Levin, M. (2002), Early embryonic expression of ion channels and pumps in chick and Xenopus development, Developmental Dynamics, 225(4): 469-484
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Cheng, S. M., Chen, I., and Levin, M. (2002), Katp channel activity is required for hatching in Xenopus embryos, Developmental Dynamics, 225(4): 588-591
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Mercola, M., and Levin, M. (2001), Left-Right asymmetry determination in vertebrates, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 17: 779-805
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Levin, M. (2001), Asymmetry of Body and Brain: Embryological and Twin Studies, in N. Smelser and P. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier: Oxford, UK, pp. 853-859
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Levin, M., and Mercola, M. (2000), Expression of connexin 30 in Xenopus embryos and its involvement in hatching
gland function, Developmental Dynamics, 219(1): 96-101
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Levin, M. (1999), Twinning and embryonic left-right asymmetry, Laterality, 4(3): 197-208
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Zhu, L., Marvin, M. J., Gardiner, A., Lassar, A. B., Mercola, M., Stern, C. D., and Levin, M. (1999), Cerberus regulates left-right asymmetry of the embryonic head and heart, Current Biology, 9(17): 931-938
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Levin, M., and Mercola, M. (1999), Gap Junction-Mediated Transfer of Left-Right Patterning Signals in the Early Chick Blastoderm is Upstream of Shh Asymmetry in the Node, Development, 126(21): 4703-4714
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Levin, M. (1999), Left-right asymmetry in animal embryogenesis, in G. Palyi, C. Zucchi, and L. Caglioti (Eds.), Advances in Biochirality, ch. 12, pp. 137-152, Elsevier Science LTD: Oxford, UK
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Levin, M. (1999), Endogenous electromagnetic fields and radiations in regeneration, development, and neoplasm, Proceedings of the First World Congress on the Effects of Electricity and Magnetism in the Natural World, Madeira, Portugal
Levin, M. (1998), The roles of activin and follistatin signaling in chick gastrulation, International Journal of Developmental Biology, 42(4): 553-559
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Levin, M., and Mercola, M. (1998), Gap junctions are involved in the early generation of left right asymmetry, Developmental Biology, 203(1): 90-105
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Levin, M., and Mercola, M. (1998), Evolutionary conservation of mechanisms upstream of asymmetric nodal expression: Reconciling chick and Xenopus, Developmental Genetics, 23(3): 185-193
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Levin, M. (1998), Left-Right asymmetry and the chick embryo, Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 9(1): 67-76
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Levin, M., and Mercola, M. (1998), The compulsion of chirality: toward an understanding of left-right asymmetry, Genes & Development, 12(6): 763-769
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Levin, M., and Ernst, S. G. (1997), Applied DC magnetic fields cause alterations in the time of cell divisions and developmental abnormalities in early sea urchin embryos, Bioelectromagnetics, 18(3): 255-263
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Levin, M., Pagan, S., Roberts, D. J., Cooke, J., Kuehn, M. R., and Tabin, C. J. (1997), Left/Right Patterning Signals and the Independent Regulation of Different Aspects of Situs in the Chick Embryo, Developmental Biology, 189(1): 57-67
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Levin, M., and Nascone, N. (1997), Two molecular models of initial left-right asymmetry generation, Medical Hypotheses, 49(5): 429-435
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Levin, M. (1997), Left-right asymmetry in vertebrate embryogenesis, BioEssays, 19(4): 287-296
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Levin, M., Roberts, D. J., Holmes, L. B., and Tabin, C. (1996), Laterality defects in conjoined twins, Nature, 384(6607): 321
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Levin, M., and Ernst, S. G. (1995), Applied AC and DC Magnetic Fields Cause Alterations in the Mitotic Cycle of Early Sea Urchin Embryos, Bioelectromagnetics, 16(4): 231-240
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Levin, M., Johnson, R. L., Stern, C. D., Kuehn, M., and Tabin, C. (1995), A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry in chick embryogenesis, Cell, 82(5): 803-814
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