Peer-Reviewed Papers
Of Special Note
Zhang, T., Goldstein, A., Levin M. (2024), Classical sorting algorithms as a model of morphogenesis: Self-sorting arrays reveal unexpected competencies in a minimal model of basal intelligence, Adaptive Behavior 2024, doi: 10.1177/10597123241269740
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Levin, M.(2024), Self-Improvising Memory: A Perspective on Memories as Agential, Dynamically Reinterpreting Cognitive Glue, Entropy 2024, 26(6), 481; doi:10.3390/e26060481
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McMillen, P., Levin, M. (2024), Collective intelligence: A unifying concept for integrating biology across scales and substrates, Communications Biology 7, 378 (2024). doi:10.1038/s42003-024-06037-4
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Tung, A., Sperry, M., Clawson, W., Pavuluri, A., Bulatao, S., Yue, M., Flores, R. M., Pai, V. McMillen, P., Kuchling, F., and Levin, M. (2024), Embryos assist morphogenesis of others through calcium and ATP signaling mechanisms in collective teratogen resistance, Nature Communications, 15(1): 535
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Gumuskaya, G., Srivastava, P., Cooper, B. G., Lesser, H., Semegran, B., Garnier, S., and Levin, M. (2023), Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells, Advanced Science, doi:10.1002/advs.202303575
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Lagasse, E., and Levin, M. (2023), Future Medicine: from molecular pathways to the collective intelligence of the body, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 29(9): 687-710
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Levin, M. (2023), Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind, Animal Cognition, doi:10.1007/s10071-023-01780-3
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Mathews, J., Chang, J., Devlin, L., and Levin, M. (2023), Cellular Signaling Pathways as Plastic, Proto-cognitive Systems: Implications for Biomedicine, Patterns, 4: 100737
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Blackiston, D., Kriegman, S., Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2023), Biological Robots: Perspectives on an Emerging Interdisciplinary Field, Soft Robotics, 10(4): 694-686
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Davies, J., and Levin, M. (2023), Synthetic morphology with agential materials, Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 1(1): 46-59
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Biswas, S., Clawson, W., and Levin. M. (2023), Learning in Transcriptional Network Models: Computational Discovery of Pathway-level Memory and Effective Interventions, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1): 285
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Pai, V. P., and Levin, M. (2022), HCN2 Channel-induced Rescue of Brain, Eye, Heart, and Gut Teratogenesis Caused by Nicotine, Ethanol, and Aberrant Notch Signaling, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 30(6): 681-706
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Levin, M., and Yuste, R. (2022), Modular cognition,
Aeon Essays
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Murugan, N. J., Vigran, H. J., Miller, K., Golding, A., Pham, Q. L., Sperry, M., Rasmussen-Ivey, C., Kane, A. W., Kaplan, D. L., and Levin, M. (2022), Acute
multidrug delivery via a wearable bioreactor facilitates long-term limb regeneration and functional recovery in adult Xenopus laevis,
Science Advances, 8(4): abj2164
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Murugan, N., Kaltman, D., Jin, H., Chien, M., Flores, R., Nguyen, C., Tuzoff, D., Minabutdinov, A., Kane, A., Novak, R., Ingber, D., and Levin, M. (2021), Mechanosensation Mediates Long-Range Spatial Decision-Making in an Aneural Organism, Advanced Materials, 33(34): 2008161
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Levin, M. (2021), Life, death, and self: Fundamental questions of primitive cognition
viewed through the lens of body plasticity and synthetic organisms,
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 564: 114-133
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Levin, M. (2021), Bioelectric Signaling: Reprogrammable Circuits
Underlying Embryogenesis, Regeneration, and Cancer, Cell, 184(8): 1971-1989
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Bongard, J., and Levin, M. (2021), Living things are not (20th Century) machines:
updating mechanism metaphors in light of the modern science of machine behavior,
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 650726
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Levin, M., and Dennett, D. C. (2020), How to understand cells, tissues and organisms as agents with agendas, Aeon Essays
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Kriegman, S., Blackiston, D., Levin, M., and Bongard, J. (2020), A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, 432(2): 605-620
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Levin, M. (2019), The Computational Boundary of a 'Self': Developmental Bioelectricity
Drives Multicellularity and Scale-Free Cognition, Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 2688
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Emmons-Bell, M., Durant, F., Tung, A., Pietak, A., Miller, K., Kane, A., Martyniuk, C. J.,
Davidian, D., Morokuma, J., and Levin, M. (2019),
Regenerative Adaptation To Electrochemical Perturbation In Planaria: A Molecular Analysis
Of Physiological Plasticity, iScience, 22: 147-165
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Atsuta, Y., Tomizwa, R. R., Levin, M., and Tabin, C. J. (2019), L-type voltage-gated Ca2+
channel CaV1.2 regulates chondrogenesis during limb development, Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States, 116(43): 21592-21601
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Pietak, A., Bischof, J., LaPalme, J., Morokuma, J., and Levin, M. (2019), Neural control of body-plan axis in regenerating planaria,
PLOS Computational Biology, 15(4): e1006904
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Durant, F., Bischof, J., Fields, C., Morokuma, J., LaPalme, J., Hoi, A., and Levin, M. (2019),
The role of early bioelectric signals in the regeneration of planarian anterior/posterior polarity, Biophysical Journal, 116(5): 948-961
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Herrera-Rincon, C., Golding, A. S., Moran, K. M., Harrison, C., Martyniuk, C. J., Guay, J. A., Zaltsman, J.,
Carabello, H., Kaplan, D. L., and Levin, M. (2018), Brief Local Application of Progesterone via a Wearable
Bioreactor Induces Long-Term Regenerative Response in Adult Xenopus Hindlimb, Cell Reports, 25(6): 1593-1609
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Busse, S. M., McMillen, P. T., and Levin, M. (2018), Cross-limb Communication During Xenopus Hind-limb Regenerative Response: Non-Local Bioelectric Injury Signals,
Development, 145(19): dev164210
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Pai, V. P., Pietak, A., Willocq, V., Ye, B., Shi, N-Q., and Levin, M. (2018),
HCN2 Rescues brain defects by enforcing endogenous voltage pre-patterns,
Nature Communications, 9(1): 998
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Pietak, A. M., and Levin, M. (2017), Bioelectric Gene and Reaction Networks: Computational Modeling of Genetic, Biochemical, and Bioelectrical Dynamics in Pattern Regulation, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14(134): 20170425
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Herrera-Rincon, C., Pai, V. P., Moran, K. M., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2017),
The brain is required for normal muscle and nerve patterning during early
Xenopus development, Nature Communications, 8(1): 587
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Paré, J-F., Martyniuk, C. J., and Levin, M. (2017), Bioelectric regulation of innate immune system function in regenerating and intact Xenopus laevis, npj Regenerative Medicine, 2: 15
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Durant, F., Morokuma, J., Fields, C., Williams, K., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2017),
Long-Term, Stochastic Editing of Regenerative Anatomy via Targeting Endogenous
Bioelectric Gradients, Biophysical Journal, 112(10): 2231-2243
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Levin, M., Pezzulo, G., and Finkelstein, J. M. (2017), Endogenous Bioelectric
Signaling Networks: Exploiting Voltage Gradients for Control of Growth and Form,
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 19: 353-387
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Blackiston, D., Vien, K., and Levin, M. (2017), Serotonergic stimulation
induces nerve growth and promotes visual learning via posterior eye grafts in
a vertebrate model of induced sensory plasticity, npj Regenerative Medicine, 2:8
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Lobo, D., Lobikin, M., and Levin, M. (2017), Discovering novel phenotypes with automatically
inferred dynamic models: partial melanocyte conversion in Xenopus,
Scientific Reports, 7: 41339
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Pietak, A., and Levin, M. (2016), Exploring Instructive Physiological Signaling with
the Bioelectric Tissue Simulation Engine , Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 4: 55
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Baluška, F., and Levin, M. (2016), On Having No Head: Cognition throughout Biological Systems, Frontiers in Psychology, 7: 902
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Sullivan, K. G., Emmons-Bell, M., and Levin, M. (2016), Physiological Inputs Regulate
Species-Specific Anatomy During Embryogenesis And Regeneration, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 9(4): e1192733
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Durant, F., Lobo, D., Hammelman, J., and Levin, M. (2016), Physiological controls of
large-scale patterning in planarian regeneration: a molecular and computational
perspective on growth and form, Regeneration, 3(2): 78-102
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Chernet, B. T., Adams, D. S., Lobikin, M., and Levin, M. (2016),
Use of genetically encoded, light-gated ion translocators to control tumorigenesis,
Oncotarget, 7(15): 19575-19588
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Adams, D. S., Uzel, S. G. M., Akagi, J., Wlodkowic, D., Andreeva, V., Yelick, P. C., Devitt-Lee, A.,
Paré, J-F. and Levin, M. (2016), Bioelectric signaling via potassium channels: a mechanism
for craniofacial dysmorphogenesis in KCNJ2-associated Andersen-Tawil Syndrome, Journal of Physiology, 594(12): 3245-3270
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Pezzulo, G., and Levin, M. (2015), Re-membering the body: applications of computational
neuroscience to the top-down control of regeneration of limbs and other complex organs,
Integrative Biology, 7(12): 1487-1517
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Lobikin, M., Lobo, D., Blackiston, D. J., Martyniuk, C. J., Tkachenko, E., and Levin, M. (2015),
Serotonergic regulation of melanocyte conversion: A bioelectrically regulated network
for stochastic all-or-none hyperpigmentation, Science Signaling, 8(397): ra99
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Friston, K., Levin, M., Sengupta, B., and Pezzulo, G. (2015), Knowing one's place: a free energy approach to pattern regulation, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 12(105): 20141383
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Pai, V., Lemire, J. M., Paré, J-F., Lin, G., Chen, Y., and Levin, M. (2015), Endogenous gradients of resting potential instructively pattern embryonic neural tissue via Notch signaling and regulation of proliferation, Journal of Neuroscience, 35(10): 4366-4385
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Blackiston, D., Anderson, G. M., Rahman, N., Bieck, C., and Levin, M. (2015), A novel method for inducing nerve growth via modulation of host resting potential, Neurotherapeutics, 12(1): 170-184
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Levin, M. (2014), Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior
and instruct pattern regulation in vivo, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 25(24): 3835-3850
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Chernet, B., and Levin, M. (2014), Transmembrane voltage potential of
somatic cells controls oncogene-mediated tumorigenesis at long-range,
Oncotarget, 5(10): 3287-3306
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Tseng, A-S., and Levin, M. (2013), Cracking the
bioelectric code: probing endogenous ionic controls of pattern
formation, Communicative & Integrative Biology,
6(1): e22595
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Adams, D. S., Tseng, A-S. and Levin, M. (2013), Light-activation of the Archaerhodopsin
H+ pump reverses age-dependent loss of vertebrate regeneration: sparking system-level
controls in vivo, Biology Open, 2(3): 306-313
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Lobikin, M., Wang, G., Xu, J.-S., Hsieh, Y.-W., Chuang, C.-F., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2012), Early, nonciliary role for microtubule proteins in left-right patterning is conserved across kingdoms, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(31): 12586-12591
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Levin, M. (2012), Morphogenetic fields in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer:
non-local control of complex patterning, BioSystems, 109(3): 243-261
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Levin, M. (2012), Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: new
tools and recent discoveries BioEssays, 34(3): 205-217
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Pai, V., Aw, S., Shomrat, T., Lemire, J. M., and Levin, M. (2012), Transmembrane
voltage potential controls embryonic eye patterning in Xenopus laevis,
Development, 139(2): 313-323
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Blackiston, D., Adams, D. S., Lemire, J. M., Lobikin, M., and Levin, M. (2011),
Transmembrane potential of GlyCl-expressing instructor cells induces a neoplastic-like conversion of
melanocytes via a serotonergic pathway, Disease Models and Mechanisms, 4(1): 67-85
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Beane, W. S., Morokuma, J., Adams, D. S., and Levin, M. (2011),
A chemical genetics approach reveals H,K-ATPase-mediated
membrane voltage is required for planarian head regeneration,
Chemistry & Biology,
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Levin, M. (2011), The wisdom of the body: future techniques and approaches to morphogenetic fields in regenerative medicine, developmental biology, and cancer, Regenerative Medicine, 6(6): 667-673
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Oviedo, N. J., Morokuma, J., Walentek, P., Kema, I. P., Gu, M. B., Ahn, J. M., Hwang, J. S., Gojobori, T., and Levin, M. (2010), Long-range Neural and Gap Junction Protein-mediated Cues Control Polarity During Planarian Regeneration, Developmental Biology, 339(1): 188-199
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Tseng, A-S., Beane, W. S., Lemire, J. M., Masi, A., and Levin, M. (2010),
Induction of vertebrate regeneration by a transient sodium current,
Journal of Neuroscience, 30(39): 13192-13200
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Vandenberg, L. N., and Levin, M. (2010), Far from solved: a perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left-right asymmetry, Developmental Dynamics, 239(12): 3131-3146
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Aw, S., and Levin, M. (2009), Is left-right asymmetry a form of planar cell polarity? Development, 136(3): 355-366
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Levin, M. (2009), Bioelectric mechanisms in regeneration: Unique aspects and future perspectives, Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 20(5): 543-556
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Levin, M. (2007), Large-Scale Biophysics: Ion Flows and Regeneration, Trends in Cell Biology, 17(6): 261-270
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Levin, M., Thorlin, T., Robinson, K., Nogi, T., and Mercola, M. (2002),
Asymmetries in H+/K+-ATPase and cell membrane potentials comprise
a very early step in left-right patterning,
Cell, 111(1): 77-89
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Levin, M., and Nascone, N. (1997), Two molecular models of initial left-right asymmetry generation,
Medical Hypotheses, 49(5): 429-435
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Levin, M., Johnson, R. L., Stern, C. D., Kuehn, M., and Tabin, C. (1995), A molecular pathway determining left-right asymmetry in chick embryogenesis, Cell, 82(5): 803-814
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